{"id":106351,"date":"2021-06-29T08:54:50","date_gmt":"2021-06-29T07:54:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/groupe-reussite.fr\/?page_id=106351"},"modified":"2022-07-27T11:16:35","modified_gmt":"2022-07-27T10:16:35","slug":"cours-en-ligne-integration-europeenne-ecg-2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/groupe-reussite.fr\/ressources\/cours-en-ligne-integration-europeenne-ecg-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Cours en ligne int\u00e9gration europ\u00e9enne ECG2"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"Latex_page\">\n<section class=\"has_ae_slider elementor-element elementor-section-full_width elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default ae-bg-gallery-type-default elementor-section elementor-top-section\">\n<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated colone_elementor\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"page\" data-elementor-id=\"25858\" class=\"elementor elementor-25858\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"has_ae_slider elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2f2a024 elementor-section-content-bottom elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default ae-bg-gallery-type-default\" data-id=\"2f2a024\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" id=\"sticky_sidebar\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_ae_slider elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-77f2068 sticky_badeau_colone strick_col ae-bg-gallery-type-default\" data-id=\"77f2068\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"has_ae_slider elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-bd3aa6a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default ae-bg-gallery-type-default\" data-id=\"bd3aa6a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_ae_slider elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-d2cf1a3 ae-bg-gallery-type-default\" data-id=\"d2cf1a3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-00f6d11 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"00f6d11\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Cherchez et trouvez les meilleurs professeurs particuliers \u00e0 domicile et en ligne<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5f90151 elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"5f90151\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/groupe-reussite.fr\/cours-particuliers\/toutes-matieres\/tous-niveaux\/france\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Professeur particulier<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c613d21 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"c613d21\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-675cc7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"675cc7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"295\" height=\"197\" src=\"https:\/\/groupe-reussite.fr\/ressources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/home-grid-cours-particuliers-lycee.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-17136\" alt=\"Prof particulier au lyc\u00e9e\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"has_ae_slider elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-327bb4e elementor-section-content-bottom elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default ae-bg-gallery-type-default\" data-id=\"327bb4e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_ae_slider elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3f3268c ae-bg-gallery-type-default\" data-id=\"3f3268c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"has_ae_slider elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-747ff4f elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default ae-bg-gallery-type-default\" data-id=\"747ff4f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_ae_slider elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-7b37226 ae-bg-gallery-type-default\" data-id=\"7b37226\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-732d0af elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"732d0af\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Find the <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">answers, all the courses and the annals<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> on our <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">free application <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> <strong><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">PrepApp<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c35c2f9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"c35c2f9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/groupe-reussite.fr\/ressources\/prepapp\/\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"381\" height=\"109\" src=\"https:\/\/groupe-reussite.fr\/ressources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/applestore-1.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-25781\" alt=\"T\u00e9l\u00e9charger l&apos;application dans l&apos;Apple Store\" srcset=\"https:\/\/groupe-reussite.fr\/ressources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/applestore-1.png 381w, https:\/\/groupe-reussite.fr\/ressources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/applestore-1-300x86.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 381px) 100vw, 381px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5803b9d elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"5803b9d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/groupe-reussite.fr\/ressources\/prepapp\/\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"564\" height=\"167\" src=\"https:\/\/groupe-reussite.fr\/ressources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/playstore.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-25780\" alt=\"Google Play PrepApp\" srcset=\"https:\/\/groupe-reussite.fr\/ressources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/playstore.png 564w, https:\/\/groupe-reussite.fr\/ressources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/playstore-300x89.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 564px) 100vw, 564px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ddd2148 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"ddd2148\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"778\" src=\"https:\/\/groupe-reussite.fr\/ressources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/sidebar-prepapp.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-58917\" alt=\"PrepApp appli mobile de Groupe R\u00e9ussite\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated colone_latex\">\n<div class=\"style_pag\" style=\"color: #000; font-family: 'Lato', Sans-serif;\">\n<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\" style=\"color: #000000; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; text-align: justify;\">\n<h1 class=\"Latex_page_title\" style=\"text-align: center;\">Int\u00e9gration Europ\u00e9enne- Cours ECG2<\/h1>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"colone_latex_ancres\" style=\"color: #000000; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/groupe-reussite.fr\/ressources\/cours-en-ligne-integration-europeenne-ecg-2\/\">R\u00e9sum\u00e9 de cours<\/a>\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/groupe-reussite.fr\/ressources\/cours-en-ligne-exercices-corriges-integration-europeenne-ecg-2\/\">Exercices Corrig\u00e9s<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"colone_latex_ancres\" style=\"color: #000000; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/groupe-reussite.fr\/ressources\/cours-en-ligne-ecg-2-esh\/\">Cours en ligne d&rsquo;ESH en ECE2<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">D\u00e9couvrez l&rsquo;ensemble du cours sur le chapitre de l&rsquo;<strong>int\u00e9gration europ\u00e9enne<\/strong> au programme de pr\u00e9pa ECG2. Puis, retrouvez l&rsquo;ensemble des <a href=\"https:\/\/groupe-reussite.fr\/ressources\/cours-en-ligne-ecg-2-esh\/\">cours en ligne d&rsquo;ESH en pr\u00e9pa ECG2<\/a> sur notre site pour r\u00e9ussir vos DST haut la main.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"color: #000000; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; text-align: justify;\">I. Le principe de l&rsquo;int\u00e9gration europ\u00e9enne<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">L&rsquo;<strong>int\u00e9gration europ\u00e9enne<\/strong> est la cr\u00e9ation d&rsquo;un nouveau grand march\u00e9 int\u00e9rieur europ\u00e9en avec la lib\u00e9ralisation compl\u00e8te des \u00e9changes (capitaux, biens et services, hommes). Elle poursuit plusieurs objectifs :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>hausse de la productivit\u00e9 des facteurs de production<\/li>\n<li>accroissement de la taille des march\u00e9s et la r\u00e9alisation d&rsquo;\u00e9conomies d&rsquo;\u00e9chelle<\/li>\n<li>baisse des prix et hausse de la comp\u00e9titivit\u00e9 des entreprises<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Cette <strong>int\u00e9gration europ\u00e9enne<\/strong>\u00a0s&rsquo;accompagne de la mise en place d&rsquo;un cadre commun de politiques \u00e9conomiques, dans un souci d&rsquo;harmonisation, pour que tous les pays hi\u00e9rarchisent les objectifs de la m\u00eame fa\u00e7on et choisissent les m\u00eames instruments pour y parvenir. Toutes les d\u00e9cisions en mati\u00e8re de politique \u00e9conomique ne sont pas prises par l&rsquo;Union Europ\u00e9enne. Les \u00c9tats membres restent premiers d\u00e9cisionnaires dans certains domaines. Cela am\u00e8ne \u00e0 une classification des comp\u00e9tences :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>comp\u00e9tence exclusive : lorsque l&rsquo;UE prend l&rsquo;int\u00e9gralit\u00e9 des d\u00e9cisions dans un domaine (politique mon\u00e9taire avec la BCE, politique agricole)<\/li>\n<li>comp\u00e9tences partag\u00e9es : l&rsquo;UE agit lorsque son action est jug\u00e9e meilleure que l&rsquo;action individuelle des \u00c9tats membres (environnement, protection des consommateurs)<\/li>\n<li>comp\u00e9tence d&rsquo;appui : les \u00c9tats membres prennent les d\u00e9cisions mais l&rsquo;UE peut appuyer leur action (tourisme, sant\u00e9)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"section\" data-elementor-id=\"165739\" class=\"elementor elementor-165739\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-section-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"has_ae_slider elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-512a985 elementor-section-content-bottom full_width elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-height-default ae-bg-gallery-type-default\" data-id=\"512a985\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;gradient&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-narrow\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_ae_slider elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-3022bd48 ae-bg-gallery-type-default\" data-id=\"3022bd48\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-90e52f1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"90e52f1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">COURS D'ESH<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17fb44a3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"17fb44a3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Pour reprendre le contr\u00f4le \u00e0 ton rythme<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-66af8d9d elementor-align-left elementor-mobile-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"66af8d9d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-md\" href=\"https:\/\/groupe-reussite.fr\/cours-particuliers\/esh\/tous-niveaux\/france\/\" target=\"_blank\" id=\"CTA_PRD_CP\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Cours particuliers ESH<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_ae_slider elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-31a643d1 ae-bg-gallery-type-default\" data-id=\"31a643d1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"color: #000000; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; text-align: justify;\">II. Les diff\u00e9rentes politiques europ\u00e9ennes<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Avec la cr\u00e9ation de la banque centrale europ\u00e9enne (BCE) et l&rsquo;adoption de l&rsquo;euro, monnaie unique, les \u00c9tats membres n&rsquo;ont plus le contr\u00f4le de leur politique mon\u00e9taire et de leur politique de change.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Cela permet d&rsquo;avoir une monnaie forte, qui a un poids r\u00e9el dans l&rsquo;\u00e9conomie mondiale, la r\u00e9duction des frais de change et la baisse du co\u00fbt des importations. Cependant, les pays sont impact\u00e9s de mani\u00e8re tr\u00e8s diff\u00e9rente par les politiques mon\u00e9taires et de change et c&rsquo;est un levier sur lequel ils ne peuvent plus jouer pour faire repartir l&rsquo;\u00e9conomie.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">La politique budg\u00e9taire des \u00c9tats membres est encadr\u00e9e par les crit\u00e8res de convergence. Le d\u00e9ficit public doit \u00eatre inf\u00e9rieur \u00e0 3% du PIB et la dette publique doit \u00eatre inf\u00e9rieure \u00e0 60% du PIB.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">En 1957, le trait\u00e9 de Rome pr\u00e9voit une politique commerciale commune. L&rsquo;ouverture des fronti\u00e8res rend difficilement applicables les politiques commerciales nationales. L&rsquo;UE dispose initialement d&rsquo;une politique douani\u00e8re commune et de r\u00e8gles communes vis-\u00e0-vis des pays ext\u00e9rieurs \u00e0 l&rsquo;UE. La politique commerciale commune s&rsquo;accompagne d&rsquo;une politique de la concurrence commune.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Le m\u00eame trait\u00e9 met \u00e9galement en place une politique agricole commune d\u00e8s 1962.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Cette politique a vocation \u00e0 stabiliser les march\u00e9s agricoles, via la r\u00e9gulation de la production, de la productivit\u00e9 et des prix. Elle cherche \u00e9galement \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats des agriculteurs, pour \u00e9viter l&rsquo;exode rural. En 2008, la PAC est r\u00e9form\u00e9e pour int\u00e9grer des objectifs de d\u00e9veloppement durable. Cependant, malgr\u00e9 les multiples r\u00e9formes qu&rsquo;elle a subies depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, la PAC rencontre toujours autant de d\u00e9tracteurs, 80% des aides vont \u00e0 20% des producteurs.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Les \u00c9tats membres ont \u00e9galement la volont\u00e9 d&rsquo;avoir une politique industrielle commune, qui n&rsquo;\u00e9tait pas pr\u00e9vue par le trait\u00e9 de Rome. En 2000, la strat\u00e9gie de Lisbonne pr\u00e9voit de faire de l&rsquo;UE le si\u00e8ge de l&rsquo;\u00e9conomie de la connaissance, avec la promotion de l&rsquo;innovation et la cr\u00e9ation de nouveaux emplois. Cette volont\u00e9 est r\u00e9affirm\u00e9e avec la strat\u00e9gie Europe 2020 qui s&rsquo;articule autour du d\u00e9veloppement durable et de la recherche de comp\u00e9titivit\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">La strat\u00e9gie de Lisbonne est \u00e9galement centr\u00e9e sur l&#8217;emploi et la croissance. Elle s&rsquo;appuie notamment sur le fonds social europ\u00e9en, en place depuis 1957, qui doit financer la formation professionnelle et l&rsquo;aide \u00e0 l&#8217;emploi dans les zones d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es afin de r\u00e9duire les \u00e9carts de richesse entre les r\u00e9gions.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Le processus de Bologne, amorc\u00e9 en 1998, s&rsquo;attaque \u00e0 l&rsquo;harmonisation de l&rsquo;enseignement sup\u00e9rieur europ\u00e9en, pour faciliter les d\u00e9placements et la formation des \u00e9tudiants. Il existe une politique de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 commune au sein de l&rsquo;UE, avec notamment la cr\u00e9ation des organismes EUROPOL (coordination de la police dans l&rsquo;UE) et EUROJUST (coop\u00e9ration judiciaire dans l&rsquo;UE).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: inherit;\">Le cours complet sur l&rsquo;<strong>int\u00e9gration europ\u00e9enne<\/strong> est disponible sur notre application mobile Prepapp. Vous y trouverez \u00e9galement le reste des chapitres \u00e0 conna\u00eetre pour votre deuxi\u00e8me ann\u00e9e de pr\u00e9pa ECG et des exercices corrig\u00e9s gratuit en ligne pour r\u00e9viser n&rsquo;importe o\u00f9 et facilement !\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"section\" data-elementor-id=\"127774\" class=\"elementor elementor-127774\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-section-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"has_ae_slider elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a7b6a2a elementor-section-content-bottom full_width elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-height-default ae-bg-gallery-type-default\" data-id=\"5a7b6a2a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-narrow\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_ae_slider elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-749af387 ae-bg-gallery-type-default\" data-id=\"749af387\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1b4ed465 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1b4ed465\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">COURS PARTICULIERS EN LIGNE<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16d47760 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"16d47760\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nous avons s\u00e9lectionn\u00e9 pour vous les meilleurs professeurs particuliers.<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-21a162bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"21a162bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">POUR ACC\u00c9L\u00c9RER MA PROGRESSION<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5600477e elementor-align-left elementor-mobile-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"5600477e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-md\" href=\"https:\/\/groupe-reussite.fr\/cours-en-ligne\/toutes-matieres\/tous-niveaux\/france\/\" target=\"_blank\" id=\"CTA_PRD_CP\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Cours particuliers en ligne<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c7a7876 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c7a7876\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><b>Avis Google France <\/b><span style=\"color: #e5a430;\"><b>\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605<\/b><\/span><b> 4,9 sur 5<\/b><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_ae_slider elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-2aa12288 ae-bg-gallery-type-default\" data-id=\"2aa12288\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Retrouvez le reste des cours en ligne d&rsquo;ESH en pr\u00e9pa ECG2 sur notre site :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/groupe-reussite.fr\/ressources\/cours-en-ligne-chomage-ecg-2\/\">Le ch\u00f4mage<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/groupe-reussite.fr\/ressources\/cours-en-ligne-inflation-ecg-2\/\">L&rsquo;Inflation<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/groupe-reussite.fr\/ressources\/cours-en-ligne-politiques-economiques-ecg-2\/\">Les politiques \u00e9conomiques<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/groupe-reussite.fr\/ressources\/cours-en-ligne-mondialisation-commerciale-ecg-2\/\">La mondialisation commerciale<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Int\u00e9gration Europ\u00e9enne- Cours ECG2 R\u00e9sum\u00e9 de cours\u00a0 Exercices Corrig\u00e9s Cours en ligne d&rsquo;ESH en ECE2 D\u00e9couvrez l&rsquo;ensemble du cours sur le chapitre de l&rsquo;int\u00e9gration europ\u00e9enne au programme de pr\u00e9pa ECG2. Puis, retrouvez l&rsquo;ensemble des cours en ligne d&rsquo;ESH en pr\u00e9pa ECG2 sur notre site pour r\u00e9ussir vos DST haut la main. I. Le principe de [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"ocean_post_layout":"full-screen","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"ressource","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"on","ocean_disable_heading":"on","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"on","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-106351","page","type-page","status-publish","entry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.1 - 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