{"id":96877,"date":"2021-03-25T10:09:28","date_gmt":"2021-03-25T09:09:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/groupe-reussite.fr\/?page_id=96877"},"modified":"2022-07-21T12:18:15","modified_gmt":"2022-07-21T11:18:15","slug":"cours-en-ligne-croissance-economique-fluctuations-crises-ecg-1","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/groupe-reussite.fr\/ressources\/cours-en-ligne-croissance-economique-fluctuations-crises-ecg-1\/","title":{"rendered":"Cours sur la croissance \u00e9conomique : les fluctuations et les crises"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"Latex_page\">\n<section class=\"has_ae_slider elementor-element elementor-section-full_width elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default ae-bg-gallery-type-default elementor-section elementor-top-section\">\n<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated colone_elementor\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"page\" data-elementor-id=\"25858\" class=\"elementor elementor-25858\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"has_ae_slider elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2f2a024 elementor-section-content-bottom elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default ae-bg-gallery-type-default\" data-id=\"2f2a024\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" id=\"sticky_sidebar\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_ae_slider elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-77f2068 sticky_badeau_colone strick_col ae-bg-gallery-type-default\" data-id=\"77f2068\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"has_ae_slider elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-bd3aa6a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default ae-bg-gallery-type-default\" data-id=\"bd3aa6a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_ae_slider elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-d2cf1a3 ae-bg-gallery-type-default\" data-id=\"d2cf1a3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-00f6d11 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"00f6d11\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Cherchez et trouvez les meilleurs professeurs particuliers \u00e0 domicile et en ligne<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5f90151 elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"5f90151\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/groupe-reussite.fr\/cours-particuliers\/toutes-matieres\/tous-niveaux\/france\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Professeur particulier<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c613d21 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"c613d21\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-675cc7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"675cc7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"295\" height=\"197\" src=\"https:\/\/groupe-reussite.fr\/ressources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/home-grid-cours-particuliers-lycee.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-17136\" alt=\"Prof particulier au lyc\u00e9e\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"has_ae_slider elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-327bb4e elementor-section-content-bottom elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default ae-bg-gallery-type-default\" data-id=\"327bb4e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_ae_slider elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3f3268c ae-bg-gallery-type-default\" data-id=\"3f3268c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"has_ae_slider elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-747ff4f elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default ae-bg-gallery-type-default\" data-id=\"747ff4f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_ae_slider elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-7b37226 ae-bg-gallery-type-default\" data-id=\"7b37226\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-732d0af elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"732d0af\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Find the <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">answers, all the courses and the annals<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> on our <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">free application <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> <strong><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">PrepApp<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c35c2f9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"c35c2f9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/groupe-reussite.fr\/ressources\/prepapp\/\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"381\" height=\"109\" src=\"https:\/\/groupe-reussite.fr\/ressources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/applestore-1.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-25781\" alt=\"T\u00e9l\u00e9charger l&apos;application dans l&apos;Apple Store\" srcset=\"https:\/\/groupe-reussite.fr\/ressources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/applestore-1.png 381w, https:\/\/groupe-reussite.fr\/ressources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/applestore-1-300x86.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 381px) 100vw, 381px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5803b9d elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"5803b9d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/groupe-reussite.fr\/ressources\/prepapp\/\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"564\" height=\"167\" src=\"https:\/\/groupe-reussite.fr\/ressources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/playstore.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-25780\" alt=\"Google Play PrepApp\" srcset=\"https:\/\/groupe-reussite.fr\/ressources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/playstore.png 564w, https:\/\/groupe-reussite.fr\/ressources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/playstore-300x89.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 564px) 100vw, 564px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ddd2148 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"ddd2148\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"778\" src=\"https:\/\/groupe-reussite.fr\/ressources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/sidebar-prepapp.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-58917\" alt=\"PrepApp appli mobile de Groupe R\u00e9ussite\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated colone_latex\">\n<div class=\"style_pag\" style=\"color: #000; font-family: 'Lato', Sans-serif;\">\n<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\" style=\"color: #000000; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; text-align: justify;\">\n<h1 class=\"Latex_page_title\" style=\"text-align: center;\">La croissance \u00e9conomique : fluctuations et crises<\/h1>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"colone_latex_ancres\" style=\"color: #000000; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/groupe-reussite.fr\/ressources\/cours-en-ligne-croissance-economique-fluctuations-crises-ecg-1\/\">R\u00e9sum\u00e9 de cours<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/groupe-reussite.fr\/ressources\/cours-en-ligne-exercices-corriges-croissance-economique-fluctuations-crises-ecg-1\/\">Exercices et corrig\u00e9s<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"colone_latex_ancres\" style=\"color: #000000; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/groupe-reussite.fr\/ressources\/cours-en-ligne-ecg-1-esh\/\">Revenir aux autres chapitres<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ce cours sur la <strong>croissance \u00e9conomique<\/strong>,\u00a0<strong>les fluctuations et les crises<\/strong> est un chapitre important au programme de ESH en ECG1. Il faut donc \u00eatre attentif et prendre note de chaque notion importante du cours. Pour vous aider dans vos r\u00e9visions, nous vous conseillons de voir l&rsquo;ensemble des chapitres des <a href=\"https:\/\/groupe-reussite.fr\/ressources\/cours-en-ligne-ecg-1-esh\/\">cours en ligne d&rsquo;ESH en ECG1<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"color: #000000; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; text-align: justify;\">Croissance \u00e9conomique : d\u00e9finition et introduction<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Les <strong>fluctuations de l\u2019\u00e9conomie<\/strong> \u00e9taient d\u00e9j\u00e0 largement pr\u00e9sentes avant l\u2019apparition de la <strong>croissance \u00e9conomique<\/strong> : l\u2019instabilit\u00e9 des r\u00e9coltes entra\u00eenait des fluctuations fortes et rapides.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Elles \u00e9taient alors dues \u00e0 des \u00e9l\u00e9ments climatiques, \u00e0 des guerres, brefs \u00e0 des \u00e9l\u00e9ments exog\u00e8nes \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9conomie. Mais apr\u00e8s la R\u00e9volution Industrielle, on observe l\u2019apparition de fluctuations de plus en plus r\u00e9guli\u00e8res et intenses.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Le <strong>cycle \u00e9conomique<\/strong> suit au total 4 phases :<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Expansion<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Crise<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">D\u00e9pression<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Reprise<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"section\" data-elementor-id=\"165739\" class=\"elementor elementor-165739\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-section-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"has_ae_slider elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-512a985 elementor-section-content-bottom full_width elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-height-default ae-bg-gallery-type-default\" data-id=\"512a985\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;gradient&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-narrow\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_ae_slider elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-3022bd48 ae-bg-gallery-type-default\" data-id=\"3022bd48\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-90e52f1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"90e52f1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">COURS D'ESH<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17fb44a3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"17fb44a3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Pour reprendre le contr\u00f4le \u00e0 ton rythme<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-66af8d9d elementor-align-left elementor-mobile-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"66af8d9d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-md\" href=\"https:\/\/groupe-reussite.fr\/cours-particuliers\/esh\/tous-niveaux\/france\/\" target=\"_blank\" id=\"CTA_PRD_CP\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Cours particuliers ESH<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_ae_slider elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-31a643d1 ae-bg-gallery-type-default\" data-id=\"31a643d1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"color: #000000; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; text-align: justify;\">Crise \u00e9conomique : La Grande D\u00e9pression<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Les <strong>crises \u00e9conomiques<\/strong> ne sont d\u00e9sormais plus dues aux al\u00e9as agricoles, mais sont endog\u00e8nes \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9conomie elle m\u00eame. Dans la 2\u00e8me moiti\u00e9 du 19\u00e8me si\u00e8cle, se d\u00e9veloppent des <strong>crises de surproduction industrielle<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Les surplus de production ne s\u2019\u00e9coulent pas sur le march\u00e9, ce qui entra\u00eene une baisse des prix, des profits et donc des investissements. <strong>La Grande D\u00e9pression<\/strong>, \u00e0 ne pas confondre avec la crise des ann\u00e9es 30, dure de 1873 \u00e0 1896. Elle d\u00e9bute en mai 1873 avec la faillite de grandes banques austro-hongroises.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Des centaines de banques ne r\u00e9cup\u00e8rent plus leurs cr\u00e9ances et font faillite. Cela limite les pr\u00eats interbancaires, et les pr\u00eats aux entreprises, qui font aussi faillite. La Jay Cooke &amp; Company puis l\u2019Union Pacific font faillite \u00e0 leur tour aux Etats-Unis.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Il y a de moins en moins de cr\u00e9dit, donc la masse mon\u00e9taire se r\u00e9sorbe : l\u2019\u00e9conomie entre en phase de <strong>d\u00e9flation<\/strong>. La croissance europ\u00e9enne, qui \u00e9tait de 2% dans les ann\u00e9es 1860, n\u2019est plus que de 1% sur cette p\u00e9riode. Le ch\u00f4mage est fort.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Plusieurs mesures protectionnistes sont mises en place, notamment les tarifs M\u00e9line en France en 1892. Le tarif moyen sur les importations agricoles passe de 3,3 % sur la p\u00e9riode 1881\/1884 \u00e0 21,3 % entre 1893 et 1895. Seule l\u2019Angleterre reste libre-\u00e9changiste.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"color: #000000; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; text-align: justify;\">Crise \u00e9conomique : La crise de 1929<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Cette <strong>crise \u00e9conomique<\/strong> est tout d\u2019abord une crise financi\u00e8re, avant de toucher la sph\u00e8re \u00e9conomique r\u00e9elle. Elle d\u00e9bute avec le krach boursier du \u201cjeudi noir\u201d, le 24 octobre 1929.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Les banques am\u00e9ricaines ont pr\u00eat\u00e9 \u00e9norm\u00e9ment d\u2019argent durant la phase d\u2019expansion des ann\u00e9es 20, les \u201cann\u00e9es folles\u201d. Beaucoup de m\u00e9nages se sont endett\u00e9s durant cette p\u00e9riode et ont achet\u00e9 des actions. Mais avec le krach, les valeurs de ces actions se sont effondr\u00e9es. Les m\u00e9nages ne peuvent plus rembourser les banques, lesquelles font faillite. Du fait des cr\u00e9ances interbancaires, les faillites bancaires se propagent.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Entre 1929 et 1932, le cours des actions de la Bourse de New York baisse de 80%. 9000 banques am\u00e9ricaines font faillite. En cette p\u00e9riode de <strong>crise \u00e9conomique<\/strong>, les m\u00e9nages \u00e9pargnent au lieu de consommer.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">De plus, les banques ne se font plus confiance et ne se pr\u00eatent plus. Le ch\u00f4mage atteint quasiment les 25 % aux Etats-Unis en 1933, l\u2019investissement de 9 % contre 18 % avant la crise. Ce cercle vicieux se poursuit, car les entreprises, m\u00eame en bonne situation, font faillite car elles ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de pr\u00eats.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Vous pouvez retrouver d\u00e8s \u00e0 pr\u00e9sent le reste du cours sur la croissance \u00e9conomique, sur notre application mobile gratuite Prepapp. Vous pourrez notamment r\u00e9viser avec le reste des cours en ligne sur les chapitres au programme ECG1 et r\u00e9viser avec les annales des concours post-pr\u00e9pa HEC.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"section\" data-elementor-id=\"127774\" class=\"elementor elementor-127774\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-section-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"has_ae_slider elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a7b6a2a elementor-section-content-bottom full_width elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-height-default ae-bg-gallery-type-default\" data-id=\"5a7b6a2a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-narrow\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_ae_slider elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-749af387 ae-bg-gallery-type-default\" data-id=\"749af387\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1b4ed465 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1b4ed465\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">COURS PARTICULIERS EN LIGNE<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16d47760 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"16d47760\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nous avons s\u00e9lectionn\u00e9 pour vous les meilleurs professeurs particuliers.<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-21a162bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"21a162bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">POUR ACC\u00c9L\u00c9RER MA PROGRESSION<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5600477e elementor-align-left elementor-mobile-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"5600477e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-md\" href=\"https:\/\/groupe-reussite.fr\/cours-en-ligne\/toutes-matieres\/tous-niveaux\/france\/\" target=\"_blank\" id=\"CTA_PRD_CP\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Cours particuliers en ligne<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c7a7876 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c7a7876\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><b>Avis Google France <\/b><span style=\"color: #e5a430;\"><b>\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605<\/b><\/span><b> 4,9 sur 5<\/b><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_ae_slider elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-2aa12288 ae-bg-gallery-type-default\" data-id=\"2aa12288\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>R\u00e9visez l&rsquo;int\u00e9gralit\u00e9 des cours en ligne d&rsquo;ESH mis \u00e0 disposition sur notre site :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/groupe-reussite.fr\/ressources\/cours-en-ligne-fondements-sociologie-ecg-1\/\">Les fondements de la sociologie<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/groupe-reussite.fr\/ressources\/cours-en-ligne-histoire-croissance-economique-ecg-1\/\">L&rsquo;histoire de la croissance \u00e9conomique<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/groupe-reussite.fr\/ressources\/cours-en-ligne-developpement-economique-ecg-1\/\">Le d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique<\/a><\/li>\n<li>L&rsquo;\u00e9conomie et sociologie du d\u00e9veloppement<\/li>\n<li>Les transformations \u00e9conomiques, sociales et d\u00e9mographiques<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La croissance \u00e9conomique : fluctuations et crises R\u00e9sum\u00e9 de cours Exercices et corrig\u00e9s Revenir aux autres chapitres Ce cours sur la croissance \u00e9conomique,\u00a0les fluctuations et les crises est un chapitre important au programme de ESH en ECG1. Il faut donc \u00eatre attentif et prendre note de chaque notion importante du cours. Pour vous aider dans [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"ocean_post_layout":"full-screen","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"ressource","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"on","ocean_disable_heading":"on","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"on","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-96877","page","type-page","status-publish","entry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.1 - 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