{"id":98131,"date":"2021-04-01T07:53:50","date_gmt":"2021-04-01T06:53:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/groupe-reussite.fr\/?page_id=98131"},"modified":"2022-07-21T12:32:33","modified_gmt":"2022-07-21T11:32:33","slug":"cours-en-ligne-developpement-economique-ecg-1","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/groupe-reussite.fr\/ressources\/cours-en-ligne-developpement-economique-ecg-1\/","title":{"rendered":"Cours sur le d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"Latex_page\">\n<section class=\"has_ae_slider elementor-element elementor-section-full_width elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default ae-bg-gallery-type-default elementor-section elementor-top-section\">\n<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated colone_elementor\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"page\" data-elementor-id=\"25858\" class=\"elementor elementor-25858\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"has_ae_slider elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2f2a024 elementor-section-content-bottom elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default ae-bg-gallery-type-default\" data-id=\"2f2a024\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" id=\"sticky_sidebar\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_ae_slider elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-77f2068 sticky_badeau_colone strick_col ae-bg-gallery-type-default\" data-id=\"77f2068\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"has_ae_slider elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-bd3aa6a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default ae-bg-gallery-type-default\" data-id=\"bd3aa6a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_ae_slider elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-d2cf1a3 ae-bg-gallery-type-default\" data-id=\"d2cf1a3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-00f6d11 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"00f6d11\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Cherchez et trouvez les meilleurs professeurs particuliers \u00e0 domicile et en ligne<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5f90151 elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"5f90151\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/groupe-reussite.fr\/cours-particuliers\/toutes-matieres\/tous-niveaux\/france\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Professeur particulier<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c613d21 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"c613d21\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-675cc7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"675cc7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"295\" height=\"197\" src=\"https:\/\/groupe-reussite.fr\/ressources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/home-grid-cours-particuliers-lycee.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-17136\" alt=\"Prof particulier au lyc\u00e9e\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"has_ae_slider elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-327bb4e elementor-section-content-bottom elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default ae-bg-gallery-type-default\" data-id=\"327bb4e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_ae_slider elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3f3268c ae-bg-gallery-type-default\" data-id=\"3f3268c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"has_ae_slider elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-747ff4f elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default ae-bg-gallery-type-default\" data-id=\"747ff4f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_ae_slider elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-7b37226 ae-bg-gallery-type-default\" data-id=\"7b37226\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-732d0af elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"732d0af\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Find the <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">answers, all the courses and the annals<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> on our <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">free application <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> <strong><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">PrepApp<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c35c2f9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"c35c2f9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/groupe-reussite.fr\/ressources\/prepapp\/\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"381\" height=\"109\" src=\"https:\/\/groupe-reussite.fr\/ressources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/applestore-1.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-25781\" alt=\"T\u00e9l\u00e9charger l&apos;application dans l&apos;Apple Store\" srcset=\"https:\/\/groupe-reussite.fr\/ressources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/applestore-1.png 381w, https:\/\/groupe-reussite.fr\/ressources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/applestore-1-300x86.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 381px) 100vw, 381px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5803b9d elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"5803b9d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/groupe-reussite.fr\/ressources\/prepapp\/\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"564\" height=\"167\" src=\"https:\/\/groupe-reussite.fr\/ressources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/playstore.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-25780\" alt=\"Google Play PrepApp\" srcset=\"https:\/\/groupe-reussite.fr\/ressources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/playstore.png 564w, https:\/\/groupe-reussite.fr\/ressources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/playstore-300x89.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 564px) 100vw, 564px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ddd2148 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"ddd2148\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"778\" src=\"https:\/\/groupe-reussite.fr\/ressources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/sidebar-prepapp.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-58917\" alt=\"PrepApp appli mobile de Groupe R\u00e9ussite\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated colone_latex\">\n<div class=\"style_pag\" style=\"color: #000; font-family: 'Lato', Sans-serif;\">\n<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\" style=\"color: #000000; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; text-align: justify;\">\n<h1 class=\"Latex_page_title\">Le d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique &#8211; ECG<\/h1>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"colone_latex_ancres\" style=\"color: #000000; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/groupe-reussite.fr\/ressources\/cours-en-ligne-developpement-economique-ecg-1\/\">R\u00e9sum\u00e9 de cours<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/groupe-reussite.fr\/ressources\/cours-en-ligne-exercices-corriges-developpement-economique-ecg-1\/\">Exercices et corrig\u00e9s<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"colone_latex_ancres\" style=\"color: #000000; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/groupe-reussite.fr\/ressources\/cours-en-ligne-ecg-1-esh\/\">Revenir aux autres chapitres<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ce cours en ligne sur le <strong>d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique<\/strong> est un cours indispensable du programme de ECG. Il est donc important de bien le ma\u00eetriser afin de se pr\u00e9parer au mieux aux concours post-pr\u00e9pa et par cons\u00e9quent bien r\u00e9viser l&rsquo;ensemble des <a href=\"https:\/\/groupe-reussite.fr\/ressources\/cours-en-ligne-ecg-1-esh\/\">cours en ligne ECG1 en ESH<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"color: #000000; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; text-align: justify;\">I &#8211; D\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique : les \u00e9tapes du d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Dans <em>Les \u00e9tapes de la croissance \u00e9conomique<\/em> (1960), W. Rostow distingue 5 \u00e9tapes de <strong>d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique<\/strong> d\u2019un pays :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">phase 1<\/span> : le pays est encore ancr\u00e9 dans une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 traditionnelle, avec une agriculture de subsistance.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">phase 2<\/span> : les conditions pr\u00e9alables au d\u00e9collage arrivent, avec un essor du lib\u00e9ralisme.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">phase 3<\/span> : le d\u00e9collage. Le taux d\u2019investissement s\u2019accro\u00eet, \u00e0 au moins 10 %, et amorce la phase <em>take off<\/em> qui se caract\u00e9rise par la croissance \u00e9conomique.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">phase 4<\/span> : la phase de maturit\u00e9. La croissance \u00e9conomique est accrue par une augmentation du taux d\u2019investissement, cette fois \u00e0 20 %. La production est diversifi\u00e9e et le pays plus urbanis\u00e9.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">phase 5<\/span> : l\u2019\u00e2ge de la consommation de masse. Le pouvoir d\u2019achat se r\u00e9partit mieux et le bien \u00eatre des habitants est assur\u00e9.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"section\" data-elementor-id=\"165739\" class=\"elementor elementor-165739\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-section-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"has_ae_slider elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-512a985 elementor-section-content-bottom full_width elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-height-default ae-bg-gallery-type-default\" data-id=\"512a985\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;gradient&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-narrow\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_ae_slider elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-3022bd48 ae-bg-gallery-type-default\" data-id=\"3022bd48\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-90e52f1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"90e52f1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">COURS D'ESH<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17fb44a3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"17fb44a3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Pour reprendre le contr\u00f4le \u00e0 ton rythme<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-66af8d9d elementor-align-left elementor-mobile-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"66af8d9d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-md\" href=\"https:\/\/groupe-reussite.fr\/cours-particuliers\/esh\/tous-niveaux\/france\/\" target=\"_blank\" id=\"CTA_PRD_CP\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Cours particuliers ESH<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_ae_slider elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-31a643d1 ae-bg-gallery-type-default\" data-id=\"31a643d1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"color: #000000; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; text-align: justify;\">II &#8211; D\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique : les th\u00e9ories n\u00e9o-marxistes<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Raul Prebisch, \u00e9conomiste argentin n\u00e9o-marxiste, explique le <strong>sous-d\u00e9veloppement<\/strong> et sa persistance par la d\u00e9gradation des termes de l\u2019\u00e9change. Pour lui les pays d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s constituent un \u201cCentre\u201d exploitant une \u201cP\u00e9riph\u00e9rie\u201d, les pays en d\u00e9veloppement.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">La P\u00e9riph\u00e9rie exporte vers le Centre des produits primaires, et importe des produits manufactur\u00e9s \u00e0 plus haute valeur ajout\u00e9e. Mais cet \u00e9change va se d\u00e9grader au d\u00e9triment de la P\u00e9riph\u00e9rie.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">En effet, dans le Centre, l\u2019innovation et les syndicats permettent des augmentations des salaires plut\u00f4t que des baisses de prix au fur et \u00e0 mesure que les gains de productivit\u00e9 augmentent.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">A l\u2019inverse, la P\u00e9riph\u00e9rie ne peut pas augmenter les salaires, les produits primaires \u00e9tant un secteur concurrentiel avec peu de gains de productivit\u00e9. La P\u00e9riph\u00e9rie devra donc exporter de plus en plus de produits primaires pour la m\u00eame quantit\u00e9 de produits manufactur\u00e9s import\u00e9s du Centre.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Donc les termes de l\u2019\u00e9change se d\u00e9gradent au d\u00e9triment de la P\u00e9riph\u00e9rie et au profit du Centre. Cela est accentu\u00e9 par la faible \u00e9lasticit\u00e9-revenu des produits primaires : les pays du Centre ne vont pas en consommer beaucoup plus lorsque leur revenu augmente.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"color: #000000; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; text-align: justify;\">III &#8211; D\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique : les strat\u00e9gies du d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">La strat\u00e9gie de sp\u00e9cialisation en produits primaires permet aux pays en d\u00e9veloppement d\u2019\u00eatre comp\u00e9titifs et de b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier des march\u00e9s ext\u00e9rieurs des pays d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s. L\u2019exportation de produits primaires trouve des d\u00e9bouch\u00e9s. Cependant, utiliser son avantage comparatif de la sorte est insuffisant pour esp\u00e9rer se d\u00e9velopper.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">La \u201cmal\u00e9diction des mati\u00e8res\u201d premi\u00e8res l\u2019emp\u00eache, les pays sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s sont trop d\u00e9pendants de la demande mondiale et de l\u2019\u00e9volution des cours. On peut citer l\u2019exemple de l\u2019effondrement \u00e9conomique du Venezuela suite \u00e0 la baisse du prix du p\u00e9trole.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">La strat\u00e9gie d&rsquo;industrialisation par substitution d\u2019importations consiste \u00e0 mettre fin au besoin d\u2019importer des biens manufactur\u00e9s en provenance des pays d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s. On remplace donc de mani\u00e8re progressive les importations par des biens produits sur place. Ces biens sont dans un premier temps \u00e0 faible valeur ajout\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Mais \u00e0 mesure que la substitution avance, les biens produits ont une intensit\u00e9 capitalistique de plus en plus \u00e9lev\u00e9e. Le pays adoptant cette strat\u00e9gie peut ainsi effectuer une remont\u00e9e des fili\u00e8res et s\u2019industrialiser. Les pays d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s peuvent \u00e9galement adopter une strat\u00e9gie de Big Push, inverse d\u2019une remont\u00e9e des fili\u00e8res.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">L\u2019investissement s\u2019oriente d\u00e8s le d\u00e9but sur les industries lourdes. Mais dans les faits, le big push ou la remont\u00e9e des fili\u00e8res de mani\u00e8re autocentr\u00e9e ont peu fonctionn\u00e9 : les pays d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s s\u2019endettent pour acqu\u00e9rir des \u00e9quipements, les march\u00e9s int\u00e9rieurs sont trop \u00e9troit et la demande est donc faible.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"section\" data-elementor-id=\"127774\" class=\"elementor elementor-127774\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-section-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"has_ae_slider elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a7b6a2a elementor-section-content-bottom full_width elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-height-default ae-bg-gallery-type-default\" data-id=\"5a7b6a2a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-narrow\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_ae_slider elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-749af387 ae-bg-gallery-type-default\" data-id=\"749af387\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1b4ed465 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1b4ed465\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">COURS PARTICULIERS EN LIGNE<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16d47760 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"16d47760\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nous avons s\u00e9lectionn\u00e9 pour vous les meilleurs professeurs particuliers.<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-21a162bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"21a162bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">POUR ACC\u00c9L\u00c9RER MA PROGRESSION<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5600477e elementor-align-left elementor-mobile-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"5600477e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-md\" href=\"https:\/\/groupe-reussite.fr\/cours-en-ligne\/toutes-matieres\/tous-niveaux\/france\/\" target=\"_blank\" id=\"CTA_PRD_CP\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Cours particuliers en ligne<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c7a7876 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c7a7876\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><b>Avis Google France <\/b><span style=\"color: #e5a430;\"><b>\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605<\/b><\/span><b> 4,9 sur 5<\/b><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_ae_slider elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-2aa12288 ae-bg-gallery-type-default\" data-id=\"2aa12288\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Retrouvez la suite du cours sur le <strong>d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique<\/strong> sur notre application mobile Prepapp \u00e0 t\u00e9l\u00e9charger gratuitement. Vous y trouverez \u00e9galement des exercices corrig\u00e9s sur le <strong>d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique<\/strong> ainsi que d&rsquo;autres cours en ligne du programme d&rsquo;ECG.<\/p>\n<p>R\u00e9visez d\u00e8s maintenant tous les chapitres de pr\u00e9pa ECG avec les cours en ligne :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/groupe-reussite.fr\/ressources\/cours-en-ligne-fondements-sociologie-ecg-1\/\">Les fondements de la sociologie<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/groupe-reussite.fr\/ressources\/cours-en-ligne-politique-economique-ecg-1\/\">La politique \u00e9conomique<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Les transformations \u00e9conomiques, sociales et d\u00e9mographiques<\/li>\n<li>L&rsquo;\u00e9conomie et sociologie du d\u00e9veloppement<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique &#8211; ECG R\u00e9sum\u00e9 de cours Exercices et corrig\u00e9s Revenir aux autres chapitres Ce cours en ligne sur le d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique est un cours indispensable du programme de ECG. Il est donc important de bien le ma\u00eetriser afin de se pr\u00e9parer au mieux aux concours post-pr\u00e9pa et par cons\u00e9quent bien r\u00e9viser l&rsquo;ensemble des [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"ocean_post_layout":"full-screen","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"ressource","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"on","ocean_disable_heading":"on","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"on","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-98131","page","type-page","status-publish","entry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Le d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique : cours de pr\u00e9pa ECG en ligne<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Retrouvez le cours en ligne gratuit sur le d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique au programme de pr\u00e9pa ECG : th\u00e9ories du d\u00e9veloppement, strat\u00e9gies...\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/groupe-reussite.fr\/ressources\/cours-en-ligne-developpement-economique-ecg-1\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Le d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique : cours de pr\u00e9pa ECG en ligne\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Retrouvez le cours en ligne gratuit sur le d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique au programme de pr\u00e9pa ECG : th\u00e9ories du d\u00e9veloppement, strat\u00e9gies...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/groupe-reussite.fr\/ressources\/cours-en-ligne-developpement-economique-ecg-1\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Groupe R\u00e9ussite\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/GroupeReussiteOfficiel\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-07-21T11:32:33+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/groupe-reussite.fr\/ressources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/logo-groupe-reussite-carre.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"170\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"180\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@GroupeReussite\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/groupe-reussite.fr\\\/ressources\\\/cours-en-ligne-developpement-economique-ecg-1\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/groupe-reussite.fr\\\/ressources\\\/cours-en-ligne-developpement-economique-ecg-1\\\/\",\"name\":\"Le d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique : cours de pr\u00e9pa ECG en ligne\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/groupe-reussite.fr\\\/ressources\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2021-04-01T06:53:50+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-07-21T11:32:33+00:00\",\"description\":\"Retrouvez le cours en ligne gratuit sur le d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique au programme de pr\u00e9pa ECG : th\u00e9ories du d\u00e9veloppement, strat\u00e9gies...\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/groupe-reussite.fr\\\/ressources\\\/cours-en-ligne-developpement-economique-ecg-1\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/groupe-reussite.fr\\\/ressources\\\/cours-en-ligne-developpement-economique-ecg-1\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/groupe-reussite.fr\\\/ressources\\\/cours-en-ligne-developpement-economique-ecg-1\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Accueil\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/groupe-reussite.fr\\\/ressources\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Cours sur le d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/groupe-reussite.fr\\\/ressources\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/groupe-reussite.fr\\\/ressources\\\/\",\"name\":\"Groupe R\u00e9ussite - Cours particuliers et stages de vacances\",\"description\":\"Stage et Cours particuliers maths, fran\u00e7ais, anglais, informatique, physique chimie\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/groupe-reussite.fr\\\/ressources\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/groupe-reussite.fr\\\/ressources\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/groupe-reussite.fr\\\/ressources\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Groupe R\u00e9ussite - Cours particuliers et stages de vacances\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/groupe-reussite.fr\\\/ressources\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/groupe-reussite.fr\\\/ressources\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/groupe-reussite.fr\\\/ressources\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/logo-groupe-reussite-carre.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/groupe-reussite.fr\\\/ressources\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/logo-groupe-reussite-carre.png\",\"width\":170,\"height\":180,\"caption\":\"Groupe R\u00e9ussite - Cours particuliers et stages de vacances\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/groupe-reussite.fr\\\/ressources\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/GroupeReussiteOfficiel\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/x.com\\\/GroupeReussite\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.youtube.com\\\/c\\\/GroupeReussite\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.instagram.com\\\/groupe_reussite_officiel\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/fr.linkedin.com\\\/company\\\/groupe-reussite\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.tiktok.com\\\/@groupereussite\",\"https:\\\/\\\/fr.pinterest.com\\\/GroupeReussite\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.reddit.com\\\/user\\\/Groupe-Reussite\\\/\"]}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Le d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique : cours de pr\u00e9pa ECG en ligne","description":"Retrouvez le cours en ligne gratuit sur le d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique au programme de pr\u00e9pa ECG : th\u00e9ories du d\u00e9veloppement, strat\u00e9gies...","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/groupe-reussite.fr\/ressources\/cours-en-ligne-developpement-economique-ecg-1\/","og_locale":"fr_FR","og_type":"article","og_title":"Le d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique : cours de pr\u00e9pa ECG en ligne","og_description":"Retrouvez le cours en ligne gratuit sur le d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique au programme de pr\u00e9pa ECG : th\u00e9ories du d\u00e9veloppement, strat\u00e9gies...","og_url":"https:\/\/groupe-reussite.fr\/ressources\/cours-en-ligne-developpement-economique-ecg-1\/","og_site_name":"Groupe R\u00e9ussite","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/GroupeReussiteOfficiel\/","article_modified_time":"2022-07-21T11:32:33+00:00","og_image":[{"width":170,"height":180,"url":"https:\/\/groupe-reussite.fr\/ressources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/logo-groupe-reussite-carre.png","type":"image\/png"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_site":"@GroupeReussite","twitter_misc":{"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e":"4 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/groupe-reussite.fr\/ressources\/cours-en-ligne-developpement-economique-ecg-1\/","url":"https:\/\/groupe-reussite.fr\/ressources\/cours-en-ligne-developpement-economique-ecg-1\/","name":"Le d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique : cours de pr\u00e9pa ECG en ligne","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/groupe-reussite.fr\/ressources\/#website"},"datePublished":"2021-04-01T06:53:50+00:00","dateModified":"2022-07-21T11:32:33+00:00","description":"Retrouvez le cours en ligne gratuit sur le d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique au programme de pr\u00e9pa ECG : th\u00e9ories du d\u00e9veloppement, strat\u00e9gies...","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/groupe-reussite.fr\/ressources\/cours-en-ligne-developpement-economique-ecg-1\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"fr-FR","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/groupe-reussite.fr\/ressources\/cours-en-ligne-developpement-economique-ecg-1\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/groupe-reussite.fr\/ressources\/cours-en-ligne-developpement-economique-ecg-1\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Accueil","item":"https:\/\/groupe-reussite.fr\/ressources\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Cours sur le d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/groupe-reussite.fr\/ressources\/#website","url":"https:\/\/groupe-reussite.fr\/ressources\/","name":"Groupe R\u00e9ussite - Cours particuliers et stages de vacances","description":"Stage et Cours particuliers maths, fran\u00e7ais, anglais, informatique, physique chimie","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/groupe-reussite.fr\/ressources\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/groupe-reussite.fr\/ressources\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"fr-FR"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/groupe-reussite.fr\/ressources\/#organization","name":"Groupe R\u00e9ussite - Cours particuliers et stages de vacances","url":"https:\/\/groupe-reussite.fr\/ressources\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"fr-FR","@id":"https:\/\/groupe-reussite.fr\/ressources\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/groupe-reussite.fr\/ressources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/logo-groupe-reussite-carre.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/groupe-reussite.fr\/ressources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/logo-groupe-reussite-carre.png","width":170,"height":180,"caption":"Groupe R\u00e9ussite - Cours particuliers et stages de vacances"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/groupe-reussite.fr\/ressources\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/GroupeReussiteOfficiel\/","https:\/\/x.com\/GroupeReussite","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/c\/GroupeReussite","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/groupe_reussite_officiel\/","https:\/\/fr.linkedin.com\/company\/groupe-reussite","https:\/\/www.tiktok.com\/@groupereussite","https:\/\/fr.pinterest.com\/GroupeReussite\/","https:\/\/www.reddit.com\/user\/Groupe-Reussite\/"]}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/groupe-reussite.fr\/ressources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/98131","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/groupe-reussite.fr\/ressources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/groupe-reussite.fr\/ressources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/groupe-reussite.fr\/ressources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/groupe-reussite.fr\/ressources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=98131"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/groupe-reussite.fr\/ressources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/98131\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/groupe-reussite.fr\/ressources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=98131"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}