{"id":33022,"date":"2019-11-08T16:57:27","date_gmt":"2019-11-08T15:57:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/groupe-reussite.fr\/?p=33022"},"modified":"2023-05-15T15:59:44","modified_gmt":"2023-05-15T14:59:44","slug":"anglais-usa-systeme-politique","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/groupe-reussite.fr\/ressources\/blog\/anglais-usa-systeme-politique\/","title":{"rendered":"Le syst\u00e8me politique am\u00e9ricain pour l’anglais en pr\u00e9pa"},"content":{"rendered":"

Focus sur le syst\u00e8me politique am\u00e9ricain en anglais de pr\u00e9pa<\/h2>\n

Pour enrichir tes devoirs et progresser en anglais en pr\u00e9pa, que ce soit l\u2019expression \u00e9crite<\/a>, les kh\u00f4lles\u00a0pour pr\u00e9parer l’oral d’anglais en pr\u00e9pa<\/a> ou les oraux des \u00e9coles, il faut des connaissances, de la mati\u00e8re premi\u00e8re. Plus que r\u00e9soudre les erreurs de grammaire, de syntaxe et de vocabulaire, les professeurs qui donnent cours en pr\u00e9pa s\u2019attardent aussi sur le fond.<\/p>\n

La capacit\u00e9 des \u00e9l\u00e8ves \u00e0 restituer des \u00e9v\u00e9nements, \u00e0 conna\u00eetre les dates importantes et \u00e0 savoir comment fonctionnent les Etats-Unis<\/strong>, c\u2019est de la culture g\u00e9n\u00e9rale qui est attendue ici, tout comme dans certains tests d’anglais comme le Toefl et le Toeic. Non, le Pr\u00e9sident \u00e9tasunien n\u2019a pas tous les pouvoirs et n\u2019est pas \u00e9lu au suffrage universel. Rien de mieux qu\u2019un rappel du cours d\u2019anglais sur le syst\u00e8me politique am\u00e9ricain pour se remettre les id\u00e9es au clair. Il ne faut pas h\u00e9siter \u00e0 ficher l’anglais en prepa HEC<\/a> ou scientifique avec les dates et informations principales.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

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COURS D'ANGLAIS<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Nous avons s\u00e9lectionn\u00e9 pour vous les meilleurs professeurs particuliers d'anglais<\/b><\/h4>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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POUR ACC\u00c9L\u00c9RER MA PROGRESSION<\/h4>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\tCours particuliers d'anglais<\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Avis Google France <\/b>\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605<\/b><\/span> 4,9 sur 5<\/b><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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 <\/p>\n

The Making of the United States<\/strong><\/h2>\n

The War of Independence<\/strong><\/h3>\n

On the 4th of July 1776, the colonies decided to take their independence and issued the Declaration of Independence<\/strong>: it was written under the leadership of Thomas Jefferson. The Declaration read this famous statement: \u201c[that] all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights; that among these, are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.\u201d<\/p>\n

The War of Independence <\/strong>\u2013 also called the American Revolution <\/strong>\u2013 lasted from 1775 to 1783. As early as 1777, Congress started to work on the future Constitution of the Confederation. However the 1777 draft, implemented in 1881 needed to be completed. Therefore, 55 delegates from all the states \u2013 there were 13 at the time \u2013 met in Philadelphia in 1787: this Convention produced a seven-article text \u2013 the American Constitution. Those who wrote it are called the Founding Fathers<\/strong>; among them, George Washington who was to become the first American President in 1789.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"liberty<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

The American Constitution<\/strong><\/h3>\n

The American Constitution was written in 1787 and ratified in 1789. It is composed of SEVEN ARTICLES <\/strong>that set up the institutions and the balance between the three branches of power: executive, legislative and judicial.<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. The executive power = the Presidency<\/li>\n
  2. The legislative power = Congress: The House of Representatives and the Senate<\/li>\n
  3. The judicial power = The courts and the Supreme Court<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    The balance between them is called the Checks and Balances<\/strong>. For instance, Congress passes laws but the President has a right of veto, and the Supreme Court checks if they are respectful of the Constitution. Conversely, when the newly elected president \u2013 the president elect \u2013 chooses the members of his government, he merely \u2018nominates\u2019 them. They must be \u2018confirmed\u2019 by Congress. Therefore no arbitrary decision can be taken. That is what the seven articles of the Constitution explain.<\/p>\n

    In 1791, it was felt that the individual rights and freedom had not been stressed on sufficiently. Therefore the BILL OF RIGHTS <\/strong>was added to the Constitution. The Bill of Rights is made of the first ten AMENDMENTS <\/strong>to the American Constitution and is thus called because it focuses on individual rights. Throughout American history, new Amendments have been voted when it was deemed necessary.<\/p>\n

    To sum up, the American Constitution is based upon three fundamental principles<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \u00a0The separation of powers<\/strong><\/li>\n
    2. The balance between the Federal State and the states<\/strong><\/li>\n
    3. The rights and freedom of each individual<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\t\t
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      STAGE EN PREPA HEC<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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      Les meilleurs professeurs en CPGE HEC<\/h4>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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      96%<\/span><\/strong> int\u00e8grent le top 10<\/span>
      84%<\/strong><\/span> dans le TOP 5<\/span>
      99%<\/span><\/strong> de t\u00e9moignages positifs<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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      Avis Google France <\/b>\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605<\/b><\/span> 4,9 sur 5<\/b><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n

      <\/h3>\n

      The American Institutions<\/strong><\/h3>\n

      The President<\/strong>: elected for a four-year term and is allowed two consecutive terms (since 1951)<\/p>\n

      Congress<\/strong>: Congress is composed of a lower chamber, the House of Representatives<\/strong>, and of an upper chamber, the Senate<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

      The representatives <\/strong>\u2013 also called congressmen \u2013 are elected for a two-year term<\/strong>. The number of representatives for each state is according to its population; in a way they represent the \u201cpeople\u201d They are directly elected by the citizens and the whole House runs for (re)election every two years. The Speaker<\/strong>, the president of the House, is an important figure.<\/p>\n

      The Senators <\/strong>are elected for a six-year term <\/strong>also directly. There are two senators for each of the 50 states, regardless of their population; there are thus 100 senators, they may be said to represent the \u201cstates\u201d. One third of the Senate is renewed at a time, every two years. After six years, the whole Senate has had to face an election<\/p>\n

      The Supreme Court<\/strong>: It is the last Court of Appeal. There are nine Justices<\/strong>, appointed for life by the President. They have the power of \u201cjudicial review\u201d i.e. they decide whether the president\u2019s, Congress\u2019 or the states\u2019 actions violate the Constitution.<\/p>\n

      American Specificities<\/strong><\/h2>\n

      Federalism<\/strong><\/h3>\n

      Each state has a three-branch government, collects its own taxes, votes its own laws and manages education, police, social affairs. As a result, the death penalty, for instance, may or may not be implemented in each state.<\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

      \"les<\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

      Numerous political debates can be understood in the light of the competition that exists between the states and the State. American citizens are very sensitive to these issues: the protection of the rights of the state is parallel to the American principle of individualism.<\/p>\n

      To them, the federal state should not intervene in areas linked with individual rights \u2013 hence, the refusal to implement any kind of control on the Internet network. Likewise, Americans\u2019d rather trust their state in matters linked with everyday lives, moral issues etc. In US mainstream politics, there is a fundamental distrust of the federal state.<\/p>\n

      The 10th Amendment <\/strong>provides that any power not explicitly granted to the Federal State in the Constitution is automatically that of the states and the citizens.<\/p>\n

      The Supreme Court<\/strong><\/h3>\n

      Because it rules on whether laws and justice decisions are respectful of the constitution, he Supreme Court has had an influence in American history through particularly important rulings.<\/p>\n

      1896: Plessy vs Ferguson <\/strong>The Supreme Court rules that whites and blacks are \u201cseparate but equal\u201d. This allowed an official segregation to go on in the South until the 1950s and the Civil Rights movement.<\/p>\n

      1954: Brown vs Board of Education of Topeka, KS <\/strong>It overrules the 1896 decision. School segregation is considered unconstitutional. Here again, the federal troops had to intervene to protect black children who went to formerly white schools because the local authorities refused the Supreme Court decision.<\/p>\n

      1973: Roe vs Wade <\/strong>Abortion is made legal (or possible \u2013 each state then decides).<\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

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      Nous avons s\u00e9lectionn\u00e9 pour vous les meilleurs professeurs particuliers pour la pr\u00e9pa HEC<\/b>.<\/h4>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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       <\/p>\n

      The Elections<\/strong><\/h2>\n

      The Electoral System<\/strong><\/h3>\n

      In the United States, elections are held every two years<\/strong>, in November; Tuesday is election day in the U.S. At each election, citizens vote to elect:<\/p>\n